The Noh is a drama made from complete division of labor. The duty
consists of three roles “Shitekata”, “Wakikata” and “Kyogenkata” in charge of
the chanting of a Noh text and performance. The “Hayashikata” in charge of the
accompaniment is comprised of four positions of flute, small hand drums,
hand-drums and drums. And each position is divided into some styles.
Until the Edo era, “Wakikata”, “Hayashikata” and “Kyogenkata” called
“the three key posts”, and the school of “Shitekata” came to have contracted
the three key posts. However, the organization collapsed by the Meiji
Restoration. When it is now, 24 styles is included in seven positions.
These styles are different in a literature, sing and conduct. In
addition, Beating time with hands and the technic of the musical accompaniment
are different every each style in a musical accompaniment. The combined team of
the different styles is not made basically. However, the combination of styles
while the position becomes free now.
“Shitekata” is the leading role of the Noh, and a child's play, the
chorus are the role of “Shitekata”, too. In addition, waiting in the hinder
part of the stage and carry some things such as small tools and repairing
disorder of the attire is important work of “Shitekata”. The role of
“Shitekata” is very extensive. Therefore, the number of people increases predominantly
in comparison with “Wakikata”, “Kyogenkata” and “Hayashikata”.
It is the duty that "Wakikata" becomes independent from “Shitekata”
in the Muromachi era, and established a specialized field. It has been
succeeded as speciality. After the long times, it become independent now in
every style. There are “Takayasu-style”, “Hukuo-style”, and “Shimokakehosyo-style”.
“Wakikata” has some rules. At first, “Wakikata” is the co-star of “Shitekata”
who is the leading role. And it is almost a trouser part and must not attaches
the mask. While the Noh is a masque, “Wakikata” who is an important actor of
the stage who is fixed that “Wakikata” rather do not hang a mask. This is
because “Wakikata” is drawn as a living person practically. It is a person
standing opposite to a protagonist and, so to speak, takes a role to stand on
the side same as the audience. The program of Noh expresses a great variety of
views of the world. “Shitekata” sometimes appears as the existence in the
impractical dream and illusion. And sometimes act with great tact as a real
human being intensely. In this way, by the difference in role of “Shitekata”, the
stage of the Noh changes variously. The reason why it is established as a
series of stage dramas is that “Wakikata” helps to share the world between made
on the stage and audience.
References
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